Virology

A proteogenomic profiling analysis of single cells from the blood and lymph nodes of individuals living with HIV-1 reveals that CD4⁺memory T cells harbouring intact provirus show signatures associated with resistance to immune-mediated killing and cell survival.

The tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus nonstructural protein NSs interferes with phytohormone signalling in plants to compromise plant defences by interacting with plant TCP21—this effect of the viral protein is counteracted by the plant NLR immune receptor protein Tsw.

A study reports the distribution, replication and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 throughout the human body including in the brain at autopsy from acute infection to more than seven months following symptom onset.

NeoCoV and its close relative, PDF-2180, can efficiently bind to and use specific bat ACE2 orthologues and, less favourably, human ACE2 as entry receptors through their receptor-binding domains on the spike protein.

Nirmatrelvir, an oral antiviral targeting the 3CL protease of SARS-CoV-2, has been demonstrated to be clinically useful against COVID-19, but viral resistance to the drug was found to arise readily via multiple pathways in vitro.

Results indicate that the sublineages BA.4 and BA.5 of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants have similar pathogenicity to that of the BA.2 sublineage in rodents, highlighting the importance of evaluating viral replication and pathogenesis using clinical isolates.

Intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing γ and δ T cell receptor subunits protect Paneth cells from cell death caused by viral infection or Crohn's disease.

Structural studies of the Ebola virus polymerase complex provide insights into its function and demonstrate the structural basis of its inhibition by suramin.

Single-cell B cell repertoire analysis identifies the expansion of a naive-derived population of antibody-secreting cells contributing to de novo autoreactivity in patients with severe COVID-19 and those with post-COVID symptoms.

Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from around the world show that following initial importation largely from India, Delta spread in England was driven first by inter-regional travel and then by local population mixing.

Reconstitution of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA 5′ cap reveals the unconventional mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 caps its RNA genome, providing a new target in the development of antiviral agents to treat COVID-19.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant inDOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Coronaviruses exploit the host caspase-6 to cleave coronavirus nucleocapsid protein into fragments with interferon-antagonizing activity to facilitate virus replication.

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern were detected early and multiple cases of virus spread not captured by clinical genomic surveillance were identified using high-resolution wastewater and clinical sequencing.

Findings from a systematic antigenic analysis of these surging Omicron subvariants that this lineage of SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, successively yielding subvariants that are not only more transmissible but also more evasive to antibodies.

Enteric viruses replicate in salivary glands, can be propagated in salivary gland-derived spheroids and cell lines, and are released into saliva, which is a new transmission route having implications for therapeutics, diagnostics and sanitation measures.

Biochemical and structural studies of the interactions between antibodies and spike proteins from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants indicate how these variants have evolved to escape antibody-mediated neutralization.

Combination therapy of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can provide long-term virological suppression in individuals infected with HIV without antiretroviral therapy.

Infection with Omicron after vaccination produces cross-neutralizing antibodies to other variants of concern, whereas this induces a limited response to non-Omicron variants in unvaccinated individuals.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the bile acid transporter NTCP in the apo state and in complex with the preS1 domain of hepatitis B virus (HBV) provide insight into NTCP substrate transport and HBV recognition mechanisms.

Isolates of authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants BA.1 and BA.2 exhibit similar infectivity and pathogenicity and show susceptibility to neutralizing therapeutic antibodies and antiviral compounds in mouse and hamster models.

Structural studies of human Na⁺–taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide in complex with nanobodies reveal mechanisms for bile salts transport and HBV recognition involving an open-pore intermediate state.

A study quantifying the neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants in individuals infected with Omicron/BA.1 shows that vaccinated individuals previously infected with Omicron have enhanced protection against reinfection with current variants, \including Omicron/BA.2, while Omicron/BA.1 infected unvaccinated individuals have limited protection.

Herpesvirus microRNAs interfere directly with host cell microRNA processing, thereby disrupting mitochondrial architecture, evading intrinsic host defences and driving the switch from latent to lytic infection.

Changes in climate and land use will lead to species aggregating in new combinations at high elevations, in biodiversity hotspots and in areas of high human population density in Asia and Africa, driving the cross-species transmission of animal-associated viruses.

A new humanized mouse model for COVID-19 demonstrates SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent activation of inflammasomes in human macrophages as a critical driver of disease.

A third dose of an mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 results in an expanded B cell repertoire that produces antibodies with increased potency and breadth.

A clinical study shows that immunotherapy with anti-HIV-1 antibodies maintains prolonged viral suppression after anti-retroviral treatment is discontinued and affects the size and composition of the intact but not the defective proviral reservoir.

Antibody-mediated SARS-CoV-2 uptake by monocytes and macrophages triggers inflammatory cell death that aborts the production of infectious virus but causes systemic inflammation that contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis.

T的小分子抑制剂MPRSS2 is effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in human lung cells and in donor-derived colonoids, and also shows prophylactic and therapeutic benefits in a mouse model of COVID-19.

A study reports the isolation and characterization of mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2, demonstrates asapiprant to protect aged mice from its most severe effects, and identifies the PLA₂G2D–PGD₂/PTGDR pathway as a therapeutic target.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

A study reports on the antigenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 BA.1, BA.1.1 and BA.2 and the neutralizing activity of different monoclonal antibodies and sera against them.

A study reports the detection and characterization of SARS-CoV-2-like viruses in Laotian cave-dwelling bats that are also demonstrated to infect human cells through the ACE2 pathway.

The structure of the complete native spike complex of Lassa virus reveals its membrane topology and the matriglycan-depended recognition of its α-dystroglycan cellular receptor.

A combination of pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors and antiviral nucleoside analogues can boost the antiviral effect of nucleoside analogues against SARS-CoV-2.

ACE2 binding is an ancestral, widespread trait of sarbecovirus receptor-binding domains, and many single mutations enable binding to different ACE2 receptors.

Omicron replicates faster than the wild-type, D614G, Alpha, Beta and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants in the bronchi but less efficiently in the lung parenchyma.

In vitro studies in human cell lines and in vivo studies in a hamster model show that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is less pathogenic than both the Delta variant and an ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2.

的突起蛋白οSARS-C的变体oV-2 has a higher affinity for ACE2 than Delta, and a marked change in its antigenicity increases Omicron’s evasion of therapeutic and vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies.

Current vaccines induce broadly cross-reactive cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron, and provide protection against severe disease despite a substantially reduced neutralizing antibody response.

T cell responses to spike protein from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) are broadly similar to the responses to ancestral, Beta (B.1.351) and Delta (B.1.617.2) spike protein in vaccinated, infected and unvaccinated individuals.

molecu COVID人类遗传工作检查lar, cellular and immunological determinants of the various SARS-CoV-2-related disease manifestations by searching for causal errors of immunity.

Individual antibodies identified in the blood of people triple-vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 predominantly bind spike protein and are highly effective at neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron (B.1.1.529).

Serratus, an open-source cloud-computing infrastructure, can be used to screen millions of nucleic acid sequencing libraries at the petabase scale, and has enabled many new RNA viruses to be identified efficiently.

The replication and pathogenicity of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is attenuated compared with the original strain and other variants.

A collaborative study demonstrates that, compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants, B.1.1.529 isolates cause less infection and disease in mice and hamsters, in agreement with preliminary data from studies in humans.

The cGAS–STING pathway has a central role in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 by driving the increase in type I interferons that occurs in the later stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection.